Autostereoscopic display apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

An autostereoscopic display apparatus is provided for three-dimensional (3D) display. The autostereoscopic display apparatus includes a display panel having a plurality of display elements arranged in a two-dimensional array. The autostereoscopic display apparatus also includes a grating device coupled to the display device and having a plurality of grating elements to guide lights associated with 3D display into predetermined viewing directions. Further, the plurality of grating elements cover the plurality of display elements and are tilted such that a tilted direction of the plurality of grating elements form a non-zero angle with respect to a diagonal direction of the plurality display elements.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the priority of Chinese patent application no.201010511742.2 filed on Oct. 19, 2010, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to autostereoscopic displaytechnologies and, more particularly, to methods and systems for reducingor removing Moire pattern in autostereoscopic display apparatus.

BACKGROUND

Nowadays, autostereoscopic display technologies are rapidly developingand there are increasingly demands on high performance autostereoscopicdisplay devices. Autostereoscopic display devices do not require viewersto wear glasses with special lenses to achieve three dimensional (3D)perceptions.

FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional autostereoscopic display apparatus 1.Display apparatus 1 comprises a lenticular sheet 12 coupled to a pixelmatrix-based display panel 11. Lenticular sheet 12 comprises a pluralityof vertical lenticular elements aligned in parallel in the horizontaldirection of display panel 11.

FIG. 2 illustrates another conventional autostereoscopic displayapparatus 2. Display apparatus 2 comprises a parallax barrier 13 coupledto a pixel matrix-based display panel 11. Parallax barrier 13 comprisesa plurality of vertical slits aligned in parallel in the horizontaldirection of display panel 11.

However, such conventional autostereoscopic display apparatus often hasMoire patterns, as a Moire pattern is a natural interference phenomenonthat occurs when two separate periodically repetitive structures areoverlapped with each other. In a conventional autostereoscopic displayapparatus, Moire patterns appear because the regularly spaced gratingelements interfere with the underlying display panel which has a gridstructure. Moire pattern manifests itself as dark bands passing acrossthe screen. This phenomenon renders 3D viewing experience uncomfortableand less pleasant to the viewer.

The disclosed methods and apparatus are directed to solve one or moreproblems set forth above and other problems.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

One aspect of the present disclosure includes an autostereoscopicdisplay apparatus. The autostereoscopic display apparatus includes adisplay panel having a plurality of display elements arranged in atwo-dimensional array. The autostereoscopic display apparatus alsoincludes a grating device coupled to the display device and having aplurality of grating elements to guide lights associated withthree-dimensional (3D) display into predetermined viewing directions.Further, the plurality of grating elements cover the plurality ofdisplay elements and are tilted such that a tilted direction of theplurality of grating elements form a non-zero angle with respect to adiagonal direction of the plurality display elements.

Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a grating for use inan autostereoscopic display apparatus. The autostereoscopic displayapparatus includes a display panel having a plurality of displayelements arranged in a two-dimensional array. The grating includes aplurality of grating elements configured to cover the plurality ofdisplay elements to guide lights associated with three-dimensional (3D)display into predetermined viewing directions. Further, the plurality ofgrating elements are tilted such that a tilted direction of theplurality of grating elements form a non-zero angle with respect to adiagonal direction of the plurality display elements.

Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a method for use in anautostereoscopic display apparatus. The autostereoscopic displayapparatus includes a display panel having a plurality of displayelements arranged in a two-dimensional array. The method includescovering the plurality of display elements using a plurality of gratingelements of a grating. The method also includes configuring theplurality of grating elements to be tilted such that a tilted directionof the plurality of grating elements form a non-zero angle with respectto a diagonal direction of the plurality display elements. Further, themethod includes guiding lights associated with three-dimensional (3D)display into predetermined viewing directions by the plurality ofgrating elements.

Other aspects of the present disclosure can be understood by thoseskilled in the art in light of the description, the claims, and thedrawings of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional autostereoscopic display apparatus;

FIG. 2 illustrates another conventional autostereoscopic displayapparatus;

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary autostereoscopic display apparatusconsistent with the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 4 illustrates exemplary display elements of a display panelconsistent with the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 5 illustrates exemplary grating arrangement positions consistentwith the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary arrangement of a grating and a displaypanel consistent with the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 7 illustrates another exemplary arrangement of a grating and adisplay panel consistent with the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 8 illustrates another exemplary arrangement of a grating and adisplay panel consistent with the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 9 illustrates another exemplary arrangement of a grating and adisplay panel consistent with the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 10 illustrates another exemplary arrangement of a grating and adisplay panel consistent with the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 11 illustrates another exemplary arrangement of a grating and adisplay panel consistent with the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 12 illustrates another exemplary autostereoscopic display apparatusconsistent with the disclosed embodiments; and

FIG. 13 illustrates another exemplary autostereoscopic display apparatusconsistent with the disclosed embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of theinvention, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whereverpossible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout thedrawings to refer to the same or like parts.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary autostereoscopic display apparatusconsistent with the disclosed embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3,autostereoscopic display apparatus 50 comprises a display panel 51, agrating 52, and a backlight panel 53. Grating 52 is positioned parallelto display panel 51 or closely coupled to display panel 51.

Display panel 51 may include any appropriate display panel, such as aliquid crystal display (LCD) panel, a plasma display panel (PDP), acathode ray tube (CRT) display, an organic light emitting diode(OLED),etc. Display panel 51 may include a plurality of individuallyaddressable, regularly spaced, and substantially identical displayelements 511. Display elements 511 may be arranged in rows and columns.Further, display panel 51 may be illuminated by backlight panel 53.Lights from backlight panel 53 are directed through display panel 51with the display elements 511 individually addressed to produce adisplay output. In autostereoscopic display apparatus 50, athree-dimensional (3D) image usually includes a multitude of viewscorresponding to different viewing angles. These views may be splicedinto the 3D image (i.e., a 3D display image). For example, a stereoformat 3D image may include two images, a left image to be viewed by aviewer's left eye and a right image to be viewed by the viewer's righteye. Horizontally adjacent display elements 511 may display imageelements belong to different views.

Grating 52 may include any appropriate type of grating device, such as alenticular lens screen or a slit grating device. Grating 52 may includea plurality of grating elements 521 (only shown partially), and theplurality of grating elements 521 may be arranged in parallel with apredetermined interval. Further, grating elements 521 may be alignedover display panel 51 such that a single grating element 521 may covertwo or more display elements 511.

Grating element 521 may include any appropriate optical element capableof separating adjacent views by directing lights from horizontally orvertically adjacent display elements 511 into different directions to beviewed by a viewer's left eye and right eye separately to achieve a 3Dperception. In other words, grating 52 guides lights associated with 3Ddisplay into predetermined viewing directions to achieve 3D perceptionby the viewer. In certain embodiments, grating element 521 may include alenticular lens or a parallax barrier (e.g., a slit).

FIG. 4 illustrates a portion of display panel 51. As explained, displaypanel 51 includes a plurality of display elements 511. In certainembodiments, a display element 511 may include a pixel or a sub-pixel.That is, as shown in FIG. 4, display panel 51 may include a plurality ofpixels 20. Pixel 20 may include several sub-pixels, such as a redsub-pixel 21, a green sub-pixel 22, and a blue sub-pixel 23. Other typesof sub-pixels may also be included. Sub-pixels may be considered asbasic display elements in display panel 51. Further, black mask line 24may be used to define the borders of each individual display element511. A plurality of rows and columns of black mask lines 24 form a gridwith a plurality of points of intersection 25. The plurality of displaypixels 20 may form a two-dimensional matrix arranged vertically andhorizontally. Sub-pixels may be substantially identical in size and maybe in rectangular shapes.

Grating 52 may be coupled to display panel 51 such that grating elements521 may cover corresponding display elements 511 of display panel 51.FIG. 5 illustrates various arrangements for grating elements 521 tocover display panel 51.

As shown in FIG. 5, grating elements 521 may be arranged in a verticaldirection with a pitch D₁; in a horizontal direction with a pitch D₂; ina diagonal direction tilted left with a pitch D₃; or in a diagonaldirection tilted right with a pitch D₄. Because the regularity ofarranged grating elements 521 and the regularity of display elements 511of display panel 51, Moire pattern may appear.

FIG. 6 illustrates another exemplary arrangement of grating elements ofgrating 52 with respect to display panel 51. Display panel 51 comprisesa plurality of display element 511 which are separated by black masklines 24 in both horizontal and vertical directions. Horizontal andvertical black mask lines 24 create a grid of display elements. Forexample, corner points 25 may be formed when creating the grid. Adiagonal direction 115 may be referred to as the diagonal lineconnecting two opposing corner points in a same grid unit.

Display panel 51 or display elements 511 may also have a diagonaldirection 116, which may be referred as the diagonal line of anindividual display element 511 and thus also as the diagonal line of allcorresponding regularly arranged display elements 511 across displaypanel 51.

Further, grating 52 is coupled to display panel 51 and includes aplurality of grating elements 521. Only certain number grating elementsare illustrated here, as grating ridge lines 120, grating ridge lines121, and grating ridge lines 122 illustrate individual grating elements521 at different locations. A ridge line may refer to a center line of agrating element 521 or a bottom border line of a grating element 521used to indicate a position and a slant angle of the grating element521. Other lines may also be included to indicate positions and slantangles of plurality of grating elements 521. Among ridge lines 120, 121,and 122, ridge line 120 may be referred to as a reference ridge line,and ridge lines 121 and 122 are actual ridge lines of two differentarrangements between grating 52 and display panel 51. Ridge lines 120,121, and 122 may be tilted (e.g., with a slant angle).

As shown in FIG. 6, reference ridge line 120 may be parallel to diagonalline 116 of display panel 51, which may also be parallel to diagonalline 115 of black mask line grid. Although this arrangement may allowindividual display elements 511 to be divided equally into two parts ofsame shape and same size to create desired 3D images, the substantialevenness and regularity provided by this arrangement may causesubstantial Moire patterns.

Thus, actual ridge lines 121 and 122 are formed based on reference ridgeline 120 to reduce or remove Moire patterns. As shown in FIG. 6, incertain embodiments, actual ridge line 121 is used to arrange gratingelements 521 with respect to display panel 51; while in certain otherembodiments, actual ridge line 122 is used to arrange grating elements521 with respect to display panel 51. Further, any lines between actualridge lines 120 and 121 may be used as an actual ridge line for gratingelements 521.

Actual ridge line 121 is formed by rotating reference ridge line 120clockwise by a certain degree (a positive degree), and actual ridge line122 is formed by rotating reference ridge line 120 counter-clockwise bya certain degree (a negative degree). The rotation pivotal point may beany end point of reference ridge line 120 (e.g., the upper end ofreference ridge line 120) or an intersection point between actual ridgeline 120 and a diagonal direction of display elements 511. Such positiveand negative adjustment to reference ridge line 120 may createarrangements with substantially less Moire pattern than reference ridgeline 120.

Further, any appropriate degrees of adjustment angle (i.e., the anglebetween a ridge line and the diagonal direction of display elements 511)may be used to adjust reference ridge line 120. For example, anadjustment range may be set to between −5 to +10 degrees, with thediagonal direction as reference. In certain embodiments, the adjustmentrange may be set to between −2 to +7 degrees. Within this adjustmentranges, any angle may be used based on particular applications.Different angles within the adjustment range may also be tested tochoose a desired angle such that a pitch of Moire pattern is so smallthat the Moire pattern cannot be distinguished by human eyes. Further,the slant angle of grating elements 521 may also be adjusted toaccommodate various display panels for removing Moire patterns fromautostereoscopic display screens.

As explained previously, grating 52 may include any appropriate gratingdevices, such as a lenticular lens screen or a slit grating. FIG. 7illustrates an exemplary arrangement of a lenticular lens screen withrespect to display panel 51. As shown in FIG. 7, lenticular lens screenor lenticular sheet 130 comprises a plurality of lenticular lenses orelements 131,132, and 133. A cross-section direction 134 of lenticularsheet 130 aligns with the horizontal direction of display panel 51. Adiagonal direction 135 of display panel 51 may form an angle θ_(d1) withrespect to cross-section direction 134 or the horizontal direction.

Lenticular elements 131, 132, and 133 are individual lenticular elementslisted for illustrative purposes. Any lenticular element may be used. Asshown in FIG. 7, lenticular element 131 has a pitch d₁ and an angle θ₁with respect to cross-section direction 134 or the horizontal direction.Lenticular element 132 has a pitch d₂ and an angle θ₂ with respect tocross-section direction 134 or the horizontal direction. Further,lenticular element 133 has a pitch d₃ and an angle θ₃ with respect tocross-section direction 134 or the horizontal direction.

Lenticular elements 131, 132, and 133 are arranged un-parallel todiagonal direction 135 of display panel 51. In other words, angles θ₁,θ₂ and θ₃ are different from θ_(d1). The difference between θ_(d1) andany of angles θ₁, θ₂ and θ₃ may be the adjustment angle explained withrespect to FIG. 6. Such arrangement may reduce Moire pattern to certainlevel beyond recognition of human eyes. Further, lenticular elements131, 132 and 133 may extend or arranged in parallel with one another,which means angles θ₁, θ₂ and θ₃ have the same value. Further, pitchesd₁, d₂ and d₃ may also be of the same value.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary arrangement of a parallax barrier withrespect to display panel 51. As shown in FIG. 8, parallax barrier 140includes a plurality of parallax barrier elements 141, 142, and 143.Parallax barrier element 141 includes a barrier portion 1411 and a slitportion 1412. Similarly, parallax barrier element 142 includes a barrierportion 1421 and a slit portion 1422, and parallax barrier element 143includes a barrier portion 1431 and a slit portion 1432. A cross-sectiondirection 144 of parallax barrier 140 aligns with the horizontaldirection of display panel 51. A diagonal direction 145 of display panel51 may form an angle θ_(d2) with respect to cross-section direction 144or the horizontal direction.

Parallax barrier elements 141, 142, and 143 are individual parallaxbarrier elements shown for illustrative purposes. Any parallax barrierelement may be used. As shown in FIG. 8, parallax barrier element 141has a pitch d₄ (barrier portion 1411 has a pitch d₄₁, and slit portionhas a pitch d₄₂, d₄=d₄₁+d₄₂) and an angle θ₄ with respect tocross-section direction 144 or the horizontal direction. Parallaxbarrier element 142 has a pitch d₅ (barrier portion 1421 has a pitchd₅₁, and slit portion has a pitch d₅₂, d₅=d₅₁+d₅₂) and an angle θ₅ withrespect to cross-section direction 144 or the horizontal direction.Further, parallax barrier element 143 has a pitch d₆ (barrier portion1431 has a pitch d₆₁, and slit portion 1432 has a pitch d₆₂, d₆=d₆₁+d₆₂)and an angle θ₆ with respect to cross-section direction 144 or thehorizontal direction.

Parallax barrier elements 141, 142, and 143 are arranged un-parallel todiagonal direction 145 of display panel 51. In other words, angles θ₄,θ₅ and θ₆ are different from θ_(d2). The difference between θ_(d2) andany of angles θ₄, θ₅ and θ₆ may be the adjustment angle explained withrespect to FIG. 6. Such arrangement may reduce Moire pattern to certainlevel beyond recognition of human eyes. Further, parallax barrierelements 141, 142 and 143 may extend in parallel with one another, whichmeans angles θ₄, θ₅ and θ₆ are of the same value. In addition, pitchesd₄, d₅ and d₆ may also be of the same value. Barrier portion pitchesd₄₁, d₅₁ and d₆₁ and/or slit pitches d₄₂, d₅₂ and d₆₂ may also be of thesame values.

The gratings in the above examples are not limited to lenticular sheetgratings and parallax barrier gratings. Those skilled in the artunderstand many different types of gratings may be used. Further, thegratings can be of static or dynamic nature. For example, a slant angle,pitch, thickness, etc, of a lenticular sheet or a parallax barriergrating may be dynamically adjusted mechanically or by usingpiezoelectric or electro-optic devices.

FIG. 9 illustrates another exemplary arrangement of grating 52 withrespect to display panel 51. This exemplary arrangement is similar tothat described in FIG. 6, with a reference ridge line 220 and actualridge lines 221 and 222. The difference between FIG. 9 and FIG. 6 isthat, in addition to rotation of the reference ridge 220, actual ridgelines 221 and/or 222 may also have a shift along the horizontaldirection. Both rotation and shifting may be more flexible than rotationonly. Further, the angle adjustment for actual ridge lines 221 and 222may be set to a range of −5 to 10 degrees.

FIG. 10 illustrates yet another exemplary arrangement of grating 52 withrespect to display panel 51. This exemplary arrangement is similar tothat described in FIG. 9. The difference is that, in this arrangement,reference ridge line 320 of grating 52 is aligned parallel to the otherdiagonal direction of display panel 51 (e.g., tilted right instead ofleft).

Moire pattern may be effectively removed by using the above-mentionedsystems and methods. However, because the rotation and/or shifting,display elements may be unable to completely evenly and regularly alignwith grating elements. Lights from display elements may be processed bygrating elements with irregularity. For example, display elements belongto one view may then be misdirected to adjacent views instead. Suitableimage processing algorithms may be used to compensate the irregularityof intersection between the grating elements and display elements.

Autostereoscopic display apparatus 50 may also include a controller (notshown) for providing control and operation functions forautostereoscopic display apparatus 50. For example, the controller mayprovide driving voltages to various components of autostereoscopicdisplay apparatus 50. The controller may also provide image processingfunctions during run-time to improve display quality of autostereoscopicdisplay apparatus 50.

The controller may include a processor such as a graphic processing unit(GPU), general purpose microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP) ormicrocontroller, and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Thecontroller may also include other devices such as memory devices,communication devices, input/output devices, driving circuitry, andstorage devices, etc. The controller may also execute sequences ofcomputer program instructions to perform various processes associatedwith autostereoscopic display apparatus 50. For example, duringoperation, the controller may perform an image processing process toadjust display quality due to the irregularity of intersection betweengrating elements and display elements.

More particularly, the controller may re-calculate or adjust values ofdisplay elements 511 to compensate the irregularity. For example,because the irregularity may cause a first display element from a firstview point being displayed together with a portion of a second andneighboring display element from a second view point and, if applicable,a portion of a third or more neighboring display element from a third ormore view point, the controller may re-calculate or adjust the value forthe first display element using the second display element or the seconddisplay element and the third or more display elements.

Further, the controller may use any appropriate type of algorithm tore-calculate or adjust values of each of display elements 511. Forexample, the controller may use an interpolation algorithm to adjustvalues of each of display elements 511 based on correspondingneighboring display elements. Other algorithm, however, may also beused. FIG. 11 illustrates another exemplary arrangement of grating 52with respect to display panel 51 with display element adjustmentability.

As shown in FIG. 11, grating elements of grating 52 are arranged with aparticular angle as explained previously. Irregularity may be introduceddue to the relative arrangement of grating elements of grating 52 anddisplay elements of display panel 51. For illustrative purposes, displayelements (e.g., sub-pixels) from one row of display panel 51 between twoactual ridge lines are listed as elements 411, 412, 413, 414, and 415.Each element may belong to an image of a different view point. Forexample, element 411 may belong to a first view point image, element 412may belong to a second view point image, element 413 may belong to athird view point image, element 414 may belong to a fourth view pointimage, and element 415 may belong to a fifth view point image. Betweenneighboring elements or view point images, a certain parallax may bemaintained for effecting 3D perception or 3D display. Other elements orviewpoints may also be used.

During operation, to compensate for the irregularity, the controller(not shown) may adjust the value of a particular display element of aview point image based on one or more other display elements fromdifferent view point images. The value of the particular display elementmay include a gray scalar value, a color scalar value, or any othervalue of a display element such as a pixel or a sub-pixel. For example,the controller may re-calculate the value of element 411 of the firstview point image based on the original value of element 411 and thevalue of element 412 of the second view point image. In a multi-viewformat, the controller may re-calculate the value of a display elementbased on multiple images corresponding to multiple view points.

A decimal format number x.y may be used to represent a relationshipbetween display elements for calculating the value of a particulardisplay element. For example, integer part x may refer to the number oforiginal or a base view point image, and fraction part y may refer to apercentage of the value of the element of the neighboring view pointimage or another view point image along the forward direction of ridgelines to be used to adjust the value of the original display element.For example, the respective value relationships of elements 411, 412,413, 414, and 415 are 0.1, 1.0, 1.9, 2.8, and 3.7.

More particularly, for example, element 414 has a decimal number 2.8,whose integer part 2 means the original or base element is from thethird view point image (starting from 0), thus the neighboring viewpoint image along the forward direction of ridge lines is the fourthview point image, and fraction part 0.8 means eighty (80) percentage ofthe element from fourth view point image should be counted to calculatethe value of element 414, while remaining twenty (20=100−80) percentagefrom the original or base view point image (i.e., the third view pointimage) should be counted. That is: current value (element 414)=originalvalue (element 413)×20%+original value (element 414)×80%.

Similarly, element 411 has a decimal number of 0.1, current value(element 411)=original value (element 411)×90%+original value (element412)×10%. Element 412 has a decimal number of 1.0, no recalculation isneed since none of other view point image should be counted. Further,element 413 has a decimal number of 1.9, current value (element413)=original value (element 412)×10%+original value (element 413)×90%.Element 415 has a decimal number of 3.7, current value (element415)=original value (element 414)×30%+original value (element 415)×70%.The original value may include color, non-color, or other type of valueof display elements. Other algorithms may also be used.

Thus, during operation, values of display elements of display panel 51are re-calculated or adjusted before the values of display elements aredisplayed to reduce irregularities because of the particular angle ofarrangement for grating 52 and display panel 51. The re-calculated oradjusted values may then be displayed on display panel 51. The set ofadjustment numbers of all display elements of display panel 51 may bepre-determined or stored in a database or other storage medium, such asa hard disk, on display apparatus 50. Further, more than one set ofadjustment numbers of display elements of display panel 51 may be used,and a user of display apparatus 50 may select a particular set ofadjustment numbers or may modify a particular set of adjustment numbersthrough certain user input devices.

FIG. 12 illustrates another exemplary autostereoscopic display apparatus60 consistent with the disclosed embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12,similar to autostereoscopic display apparatus 50, autostereoscopicdisplay apparatus 60 comprises a display panel 61, a grating 62, and abacklight panel 63. Display panel 61 comprises a plurality ofindividually addressable, regularly spaced, and substantially identicaldisplay elements 611. Display elements 611 may be arranged in rows andcolumns.

Further, different from autostreroscopic display apparatus 50, grating62 is positioned between backlight panel 63 and display panel 61.Grating 62 is aligned substantially parallel to display panel 61

Lights from backlight panel 63 may enter grating 62 first. Grating 62may guide the lights from backlight panel 63 into different viewingdirections to illuminate display panel 61. Display elements 611 mayfurther respectively receive the lights from different viewingdirections and may also modulate the received lights to display 3Dimages.

FIG. 13 illustrates another exemplary autostereoscopic display apparatus70 consistent with the disclosed embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13,autostereoscopic display apparatus 70 comprises a display panel 71 and agrating 72. Similar to autostereoscopic display apparatus 50, grating 72is aligned substantially parallel to display panel 71 or closely coupledto display panel 71, and display panel 71 may include a plurality ofindividually addressable, regularly spaced, and substantially identicaldisplay elements 711 arranged in rows and columns. Different fromautostereoscopic display apparatus 50, however, display panel 71 may bea self-luminous or light-emitting display panel that actively emitslights without a need of a backlight panel. Thus, grating 72 and displaypanel 71 may be coupled to provide 3D display.

The disclosed systems and methods can effectively reduce or remove Moirepattern in 3D display and also improve display quality of the 3Ddisplay. The disclosed arrangements of gratings and display panels canachieve effects of even separation of display elements while maintain alarge adjustment range to fit structures of most display elements ofdisplay panels in the market.

1. An autostereoscopic display apparatus, comprising: a display panelhaving a plurality of display elements arranged in a two-dimensionalarray; and a grating device coupled to the display panel and having aplurality of grating elements to guide lights associated withthree-dimensional (3D) display into predetermined viewing directions,wherein the plurality of grating elements cover the plurality of displayelements and are tilted such that a tilted direction of the plurality ofgrating elements form a non-zero angle with respect to a diagonaldirection of the plurality display elements.
 2. The autostereoscopicdisplay apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of gratingelements are arranged in parallel to one another.
 3. Theautostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein theplurality of grating elements have a same pitch value.
 4. Theautostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein withthe diagonal direction being a reference, the non-zero angle between thetilted direction and the diagonal direction is set between approximately10 degrees clockwise to 5 degrees counter-clockwise.
 5. Theautostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein withthe diagonal direction being a reference, the non-zero angle between thetilted direction and the diagonal direction is set between approximately7 degrees clockwise to 2 degrees counter-clockwise.
 6. Theautostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each ofthe plurality of grating elements is one of a lenticular lens and aslit.
 7. The autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 1,wherein at least one value of a display element is determined based on aplurality of images from multiple view points.
 8. The autostereoscopicdisplay apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one valueof the display element is calculated based on a value of a first elementof a first view point image of the plurality of images and a value of asecond element of a second view point image of the plurality of images,and the first view point image and the second view point image areneighboring view point images separated with a parallax.
 9. Theautostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 8, wherein thedisplay element is associated with a decimal number for calculating thevalue of the display element is calculated according to a decimal formatnumber, an integer part of which indicates the first view point image.10. The autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 9, whereina fraction part of the decimal format number indicates a percentage ofthe value of the second element of the second view point image to becounted.
 11. The autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim8, wherein the second view point image is a neighboring view point imageof the first view point image along the tilted direction of theplurality of grating elements.
 12. The autostereoscopic displayapparatus according to claim 1, further including: a backlight panelconfigured to provide lights for the display panel, wherein the gratingis positioned between the backlight panel and the display panel.
 13. Agrating for use in an autostereoscopic display apparatus having adisplay panel having a plurality of display elements arranged in atwo-dimensional array, comprising: a plurality of grating elementsconfigured to cover the plurality of display elements to guide lightsassociated with three-dimensional (3D) display into predeterminedviewing directions, wherein the plurality of grating elements are tiltedsuch that a tilted direction of the plurality of grating elements form anon-zero angle with respect to a diagonal direction of the pluralitydisplay elements.
 14. The grating according to claim 13, wherein theplurality of grating elements are arranged in parallel to one another.15. The grating according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of gratingelements have a same pitch value.
 16. The grating according to claim 13,wherein with the diagonal direction being a reference, the non-zeroangle between the tilted direction and the diagonal direction is setbetween approximately 10 degrees clockwise to 5 degreescounter-clockwise.
 17. The grating according to claim 13, wherein withthe diagonal direction being a reference, the non-zero angle between thetilted direction and the diagonal direction is set between approximately7 degrees clockwise to 2 degrees counter-clockwise.
 18. The gratingaccording to claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of grating elementsis one of a lenticular lens and a slit.
 19. The grating according toclaim 13, wherein at least one value of a display element is determinedbased on a plurality of images from multiple view points.
 20. Thegrating according to claim 13, wherein the at least one value of thedisplay element is calculated based on a value of a first element of afirst view point image of the plurality of images and a value of asecond element of a second view point image of the plurality of images,and the first view point image and the second view point image areneighboring view point images separated with a parallax and along thetilted direction of the plurality of grating elements.
 21. The gratingaccording to claim 20, wherein the display element is associated with adecimal number for calculating the value of the display element iscalculated according to a decimal format number, an integer part ofwhich indicates the first view point image.
 22. The grating according toclaim 21, wherein a fraction part of the decimal format number indicatesa percentage of the value of the second element of the second view pointimage to be counted.
 23. A grating for use in an autostereoscopicdisplay apparatus having a display panel having a plurality of displayelements arranged in a two-dimensional array and the plurality ofdisplay elements being separated by a plurality of mask lines formed ina mask line grid, comprising: a plurality of grating elements configuredto cover the plurality of display elements to guide lights associatedwith three-dimensional (3D) display into predetermined viewingdirections, wherein the plurality of grating elements are tilted suchthat a tilted direction of the plurality of grating elements form anon-zero angle with respect to a line connecting two diagonal nodes of amask line grid unit.
 24. A method for use in an autostereoscopic displayapparatus having a display panel having a plurality of display elementsarranged in a two-dimensional array, the method comprising: covering theplurality of display elements using a plurality of grating elements of agrating; configuring the plurality of grating elements to be tilted suchthat a tilted direction of the plurality of grating elements form anon-zero angle with respect to a diagonal direction of the pluralitydisplay elements; and guiding lights associated with three-dimensional(3D) display into predetermined viewing directions by the plurality ofgrating elements.
 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein with thediagonal direction being a reference, the non-zero angle between thetilted direction and the diagonal direction is set between approximately10 degrees clockwise to 5 degrees counter-clockwise.
 26. The methodaccording to claim 24, wherein with the diagonal direction being areference, the non-zero angle between the tilted direction and thediagonal direction is set between approximately 7 degrees clockwise to 2degrees counter-clockwise.
 27. The method according to claim 24, furthercomprising: respectively adjusting values of the plurality of displayelements based on a relationship between the tilted direction and thediagonal direction.